
Managing change and innovation What do we learn? a. View on the change process. Ø 2 views of the change process: 1. The calm water methapor: · Fairly descriptive of the situation managers faced. · Lewin’s description of the change process as a break in the organization’s equilibrium state: o Unfreezing the status quo. o Changing to a new state. o Refreezing to make the change permanent. 2. White-Water Rapids Metaphor · The lack of environmental stability and predictability requires that managers and organizations continually adapt (manage change actively) to survive. b. Types of organizational change. Ø Organizational change is the changes...